The investment of €123 billion through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) between 2000 and 2006 has had a clear impact in the regions. An estimated 1.4 million jobs were created during this period, 2 000 km of motorways were built and 14 million people drink better water thanks to EU supported projects.

A synthesis report presented by the Commission wraps up the main findings of the evaluations. It shows how cohesion policy successfully reduced disparities between Member States and regions and how it delivered not only economic development, but also environmental and social development. Key findings include:

Member States report the creation of 710 000 jobs in the EU's least developed regions (the so-called “Objective 1 regions”) and 730 000 in the more developed regions (“Objective 2”) at the end of 2006.

Programmes in Objective 1 regions increased both the long term productive potential of the economies and the level of GDP. The acumulative effect of cohesion policy on GDP from 2000 to 2009 in these regions is estimated to be +0.5% in EU15 and +3.7% in the EU10.

A macro-economic simulation suggests that the entire EU -not just the major beneficiaries- was better off with cohesion policy than without, notably because of increased trade effects.

In the field of enterprise and innovation support

• Small and medium enterprises were the main focus of the European Regional Development Fund support to business, receiving 83% (€22.9 billion) of such funding. For instance, 40 000 micro-enterprises were created in Germany over the six year period.
• Nearly 38 000 research and development projects received support with the creation of over 13 000 new long term research jobs.
• In absolute terms, the ERDF made a perceptible contribution to Research & Development (R&D) expenditure in Objective 1 regions, adding some 12% to national spending in Portugal, 7% in Greece and 6% in Spain and even more in some of the EU 10 countries.

In the field of transport

• Cohesion policy has improved connectivity throughout Europe. It has supported the building of 2 000 km of motorways (24% of all motorway development in the period) and 4 000 km of rail.
• 100.000 km of roads were built or improved.
• The modernization of 31 airports and 45 sea ports was a direct result of EU investments.
• Cohesion policy also contributed to improve intermodal links, establishing good connections between ports, airports, road network and rail network.

In the field of environment

• Cohesion policy has helped lagging regions to raise standards to comply with the EU environmental legislation with €25.5 billion spent on environment-related investment in 2000-2006.
• 14 million additional people were served by water supply projects (for instance, in Valencia in Spain, water reserves were expanded through the construction of desalination plants and 405 km of pipeline were completed to distribute water to final consumers).
• 20 million additional people were served by waste water projects, which represents half of the total increase throughout Europe in the period.

The results of these evaluations give an important insight on how to maximise the effects of cohesion policy interventions in the future and will stimulate the debate on the future shape of the policy. The Commission’s report formulates policy recommendations for 2007-13 and beyond. Cohesion policy should be more oriented on performance, with greater concentration of expenditure in particular intervention areas and a greater focus on results from planning and negotiating the programmes right through to their closure.

Most of the programmes launched in 2000-2006 are now closed, with the deadline for payment reimbursement claims fixed at 30 June 2009 for all countries. An extension until December 2009 was granted to certain Greek programs. For the current period 2007-2013, the implementation of programmes is in full swing. More evaluations, currently under way, look at the effects of the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Cohesion Fund.