One fifth of Europe’s reptiles and nearly a quarter of its amphibians are threatened, according to new studies commissioned by the European Commission and carried out by IUCN which will be presented on World Biodiversity Day. Most of the pressure on these declining species comes from mankind's destruction of their natural habitats, combined with climate change, pollution and the presence of invasive species.

Europe is home to 151 species of reptiles and 85 species of amphibians, many of which are found nowhere else in the world. Six reptile species including the Tenerife speckled lizard (Gallotia intermedia) and the Aeolian Wall Lizard (Podarcis raffonei) have been classified as Critically Endangered, meaning that they face an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild. Eleven more are classified as Endangered (i.e. facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild) and 10 as Vulnerable (facing a high risk of extinction in the wild).

Among amphibians, a group that includes frogs, toads, salamanders and newts, two species have been classified as Critically Endangered: the Karpathos Frog (Pelophylax cerigensis) and the Montseny Brook Newt (Calotriton arnoldi), Spain's only endemic newt. Five more, including the Appenine yellow-bellied toad (Bombina pachypus) are Endangered, and 11 are classified as Vulnerable.

Biodiversity, the web of life on which we depend, is in decline around the world. Habitat loss is the greatest threat to both reptiles and amphibians in Europe. Other threats include climate change, pollution and invasive alien species which appear to be one of the most important element that puts into danger indigenous species as it was recently put forward by some EU funded projects.

Last month, the eight-point "Message from Athens" stressed the need to step up efforts to halt the loss, through measures such as increasing public understanding of the importance of the issue, better funding and more rigorous integration of biodiversity concerns into other policy areas.

The European Union has a commitment to halt biodiversity loss by 2010, and a Biodiversity Action Plan to implement that commitment. This commitment is also reflected within the objectives and actions put forward by Programmes such as LIFE+, which funded up to 143 projects under first LIFE+ Call for proposals.

“On World Biodiversity Day, this is a sobering discovery," highlighted European Commissioner for the Environment, Stavros Dimas, adding that “despite strong legislation protecting our habitats and most of the species concerned, almost a quarter of Europe's amphibians are now under threat. This reflects the enormous pressure we are placing on Europe's plants and animals, and underlines the need to rethink our relation to the natural world. I therefore call on citizens, politicians and industrialists to reflect on our recent Message from Athens, and factor a concern for biodiversity into the decisions they make. These trends cannot continue."

Dr Helen Temple, co-author of the study carried out by the , said: “Southern Europe is particularly rich in amphibians but climate change and other threats are placing its freshwater habitats under severe stress. Natural habitats across Europe are being squeezed by growing human populations, agricultural intensification, urban sprawl and pollution. That is not good news for either amphibians or reptiles.”

Compiled by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the European Red Lists are a framework to classify species according to their extinction risk. Threatened species are those who are classified as Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable.